??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ???????? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??? ????? ?? ????????.

1-  ???? ???? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??????????? ??? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????????? ????.

2-  ??? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???? ???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ????? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????? ????????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ??? ????? ???????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ?? ???????.

3-  ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??? ??????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????.

4-  ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ???????? ?? ?????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?? ???????? ?????????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????.

5-  ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ???? ????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? .. ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ??????? ???????? ????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????.

????? ??????? ????????

1-  ?? ???? ????? ???????? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? (1090- 1153)? ???? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? (1170- 1221)? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???????? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? (1182- 1226)? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?????? ????? ???????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ????? ?? ???? ???? ??????.

2-  ??? ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ??????? ??? ??? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? .. ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?????? ??? ?? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????.

3-  ??? ??? ???????? ??????????? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ?? ???????? ????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???????: ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ???? ??? 1409? ???? ????????? ????? ???? (1431- 1449).

4-  ??? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ?????????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ???? ??? ??? ???????? ????? ????? ?????????? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? 1384.

5-  ?? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??? ?????? ????????? ??? ??? 1410 ??? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? "????? ??????" ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????. ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ??????.

6-  ??? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ??????????? ??? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ? ???? ????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ?? ??????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????: "?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ????"? ??? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????.

7-  ??? ??? ??? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? (1483- )? ???? ??? ??????? ???????? ????????? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??????: ?? ?? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????? ???????? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ??? ???? 95 ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??? 31 ?????? 1517?? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? (1509- 1564)? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????:

????? ????? ????????     

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3- ?????? ??????: ????? ???? ????????? ????? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??????? ??????? ????? ??? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ????. ??? ??????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ????????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ????? ????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????????? ??????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????.

4- ?????? ??????: ???? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ????? 1300 ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?? ?? ???? ??????? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ???? ???????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ??????? ?? ????????? .. ???? ???? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ??? ???? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ????? ???? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ???????????? ??? ???????? ???????????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????????? ????? ?? ?? ????? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????????? ????? ????????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????????.